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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a prevalent neurological disorder that affects 4,4 percent of the population. It is associated with a high rate of comorbidity. This includes anxiety, depression and substance abuse as well as significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Both medication and psychotherapy are effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. The most frequently prescribed drugs are stimulants such as methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medicines Many adults suffering from ADHD notice significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning due to medications. It is important that people who suffer from ADHD discover the right combination of medications that works for them. Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants like amphetamines or methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid forms and can be taken as often as every three to four hours. treatment for inattentive adhd in adults supplement an immediate-release dose with an extended-release or long-acting medication that is taken daily to lessen the requirement for frequent doses throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can be successfully treated with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of drugs can be used in conjunction with stimulants or alone to enhance their effects. However, they could increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects like a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine, which are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These drugs, initially developed to treat high blood pressure, can have the ability to calm and enhance focus and decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity in some adults. These medications can result in extremely low blood pressure if they are abruptly stopped or the dosage is decreased. Adults suffering from ADHD can also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual talk therapy helps those with ADHD deal with feelings of shame, embarrassment, and resentment toward coworkers, supervisors, teachers, and family members that may criticize or nag them. Family and marriage counseling can be a great option to help couples suffering from ADHD improve their understanding of each other and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD is designed to improve daily functioning by teaching strategies and skills. Psychotherapy can help those who suffer from ADHD overcome their self-esteem issues and the feeling of inadequacy they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that create difficulties in their lives and to discover new ways of thinking, feeling and acting. This short-term and goal-oriented therapy has been shown to be effective in treating various conditions, including depression and anxiety. It can be utilized in conjunction with other therapies or on its own. CBT may also include group therapy. This is especially beneficial for adults with ADHD because it allows them to connect with other people who face similar challenges and discover how they deal with their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to conventional therapy for adults with ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting indicators like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. A number of studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD and all have shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms, with medium to large effect size. These improvements were linked to various modalities that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving exercises, and mindfulness meditation. It is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment options for adults with ADHD with caution. It is likely that differences in outcomes results result from a variety of factors, including the treatment characteristics and measures employed. Few studies have examined the effectiveness neurofeedback. This method involves wearing an electrode-lined hat while doing cognitive tasks to identify brain areas where there is excessive or inadequate activity. The individual is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD also have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help to address these issues, which could contribute to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is one of the psychotherapy techniques which can improve a person’s ability to resolve conflicts and develop meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help people manage self-destructive, impulsive, and negative behaviors that could cause difficulties at school or at work. In some instances, psychotherapy is used as an alternative to medications for adult ADHD treatment for adults. People with multiple disorders like addiction to substances, depression and bipolar disorder should be assessed to ensure their symptoms are not worsened through the use of medications to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, must be treated with more vigor. If ADHD is serious enough to affect everyday functioning and quality of life intensive outpatient programs could be recommended. These programs provide more intensive and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults with ADHD enhance their ability to manage their time and impulse control, planning, and executive function. It teaches them to recognize and express emotions, and it uses worksheets and activities to make the lessons interesting. The practice of mindfulness meditation enhances CBT and improves the ability of a person to focus and manage emotions. It also increases a person's ability to tolerate stress and arousal. It can help them cope with anger, sadness, and other emotions that could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD experience difficulties at work and at home. In addition to affecting their work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and could cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem, resolve underlying problems and establish healthy coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and teaches them how to change their negative attitudes and behavior. Particularly, it is focused on teaching you how to employ strategies to manage your time and eliminate mental distortions that lead to negative moods and the perception of limited choices. Many people who suffer from ADHD also suffer from comorbid anxiety or depression. These psychiatric conditions can decrease or increase the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore it is recommended that you treat the most severe disorder comorbid to ADHD first and monitor the effect of medication prior to attempting treatment for the other condition. Occupational therapy can help you manage your work and life by establishing predictable routines, manage your time and money, and develop confidence in yourself. It can also help you learn techniques for relaxation that can reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. Yoga and other exercises can help you improve concentration by stabilizing your body during various poses. Marriage and family counseling can assist adults suffering from ADHD to solve the problems they cause their spouses, kids and friends. They often complain of being unreliable and disorganized. They often forget things or make impulsive choices. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are educated on ADHD can help you develop better relationships. Furthermore it can aid you and your loved ones understand that these problems are related to the patient's ADHD rather than an absence of care or a willful refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder. It is often associated with other disorders that are comorbid, such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatments. There are a variety of medications available to adults suffering from ADHD and a few of them have been tested in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the drugs. Adults who suffer from ADHD may have the same symptoms that children have, but it's difficult to determine since childhood symptoms may not last into adulthood. In addition, adults who suffer from ADHD may not have a family history of the disorder in their families or they may not even remember experiencing symptoms. click here. is essential to help determine whether the symptoms are caused by a medical condition like thyroid problems or sleep apnea. It could also be due to hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Adult medications for ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and nonstimulant medications. Stimulants are the most effective medication to treat adults suffering from ADHD and their response rates are in the 70 – 80% range. The most commonly used stimulants are amphetamine and methylphenidate compounds. Methylphenidate is also accessible in a transdermal system, which permits continuous supply of medication throughout the day. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are primarily tricyclic antidepressants that work on dopamine and norepinephrine. Desipramine, the most researched tricyclic, has been shown to be effective in adult ADHD patients. It is a low-dose medication that is recommended to be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is seen. Bupropion XL another antidepressant, has been proven to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist which blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transporter and increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been shown to improve mood and decrease hyperactivity in adults, but it is not as effective as stimulants in improving cognitive performance or concentration.